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Ernst Oswald Johannes Gotthard Gotthilf Westphal (1919-1990), was a South African linguist and an expert in Bantu and Khoisan languages. From 1949 to 1962 he taught at the School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS, University of London. Ernst Westphal was born at Khalava in Venda, the son of German Lutheran missionary parents. Already as a child he was fluent in German, English, and Afrikaans, like many South Africans. His first and native language, however, was Venda, and as a child he was initiated into the partly secret Venda rites for young men. He studied Zulu and Southern Sotho under Clement Martyn Doke at the University of the Witwatersrand and, after graduating in 1942, was a Lecturer there 1942-1947. He was Lecturer in Bantu Languages at the School of Oriental and African Studies at the University of London 1949-1962, where his best friend was Guy Atkins (the brother of Vera Atkins), also a scholar of African languages. Another friend and associate was Fenner Brockway . Westphal was Professor of African Languages in the School of African studies at the University of Cape Town, South Africa, from 1962 until his retirement in 1984, and recognized as the world's leading authority on the click languages of the San, the Khoisan languages, in many of which he was almost supernaturally fluent. Rycroft has stated that he had six major languages as a native, another six pretty well perfect, and of the African languages two hundred or more spoken well. In Lisbon he translated texts and inscriptions found in Mozambique from their original language into Portuguese on behalf of the Portuguese government, collaborating with Prof. de Almeida. Westphal's doctoral thesis ''The Sentence in Venda'' (University of London, 1955) is said to have been based entirely on his own knowledge of the language, using no other source. Westphal's family has been deeply involved in the cultural life of South Africa for over a hundred years. His grandfather, Gotthilf Ernst Westphal, for example, saw the potential of the teenage Sol Plaatje, then a student at the Mission Station in Pniel, and gave him private tuition. Among other contributions, Plaatje was a founder and first General Secretary of the ANC. Like E.O.J. Westphal, he possessed extraordinary linguistic gifts, and he was a polyglot. Westphal was also one of the founders of SANCCOB (South African National Foundation for the Conservation of Coastal Birds), the story of which is documented in Marie Philip's book "Gregory Jackass Penguin". Westphal had three sons: Robin Peter, b. 1945, Jonathan Gotthard, b. 1951, and Jonathan Westphal. Prof. Westphal's second wife Althea had originally taken his ashes from Africa to Zennor, to be buried at St. Senara's (St Senara's Church, Zennor), but in the event he was buried in Port Appin, Scotland, near Glencoe. His tombstone carries the words, "A True Son of Venda". One can imagine country people in Port Appin wondering whether Venda might be far to the south, as far as the border, or perhaps even further south, as far south as say Tunbridge Wells in England. A Festschrift was posthumously published in his honour, ''African linguistic contributions: presented in honour of Ernst Westphal'', ed. by Derek F. Gowlett (Pretoria: Via Afrika, 1992). ==Bibliography== *A bibliography of Westphal's published works is appended to David Rycroft's obituary (see below). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ernst Oswald Johannes Westphal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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